Pest and disease control of vegetable crops

What should be paid attention to in horticulture to achieve the necessary level of protection against pests and diseases of vegetable crops ...

Where to look for pests of vegetable crops

Pests and diseases cause enormous damage to the yield and quality of vegetable crops. In an individual garden, due attention should be paid to sanitary and preventive measures: to destroy weeds on the entire site, remove dead plants, clean the site after harvesting from rotten fruits, bulbs, stumps, leaves. The stalks of tomatoes, potatoes, beans, cucumbers, affected by diseases, are best burned.
Do not leave litter, straw, matting, boxes, bags, etc. on the site, which may be a wintering place and food for mice and other pests. Any waste from storage of vegetables that is unusable must be burned or buried in the ground.

For waste, a special pit should be arranged on the site, which must be systematically watered with a solution of bleach.

Birds need to be attracted to the site, feeding them in winter, arranging comfortable nests from early spring, protecting and creating conditions for the reproduction of predatory insects that destroy pests, using all kinds of decoys to collect and destroy pests, etc.

Disinfection of soil in greenhouses

Preventive measures are of particular importance on protected ground, where, as a result of favorable conditions, pests and diseases multiply rapidly. A significant number of pathogens remain in the soil of greenhouses, hotbeds and the simplest film shelters, therefore, the soil used for cultivation must be disinfected annually. First of all, this applies to soil mixtures used for growing seedlings (in boxes, pots, on racks).
The need for such mixtures is small, which creates a practical possibility of heating them on iron sheets or in furnaces at a temperature of 80-90C for 30-40 minutes. Other soils can be disinfected with bleach, adding it dry in the fall with a rake with thorough mixing with the soil in an amount of 100-200 g per 1 m2.

The disinfection of the soil is facilitated by its storage for two to three years in stacks 1-1.5 m high, with alternating with fresh manure and systematic shoveling and destruction of weeds. Containers, frames, greenhouse racks and shelter frames serve as a place where pests and diseases hibernate. They must be disinfected annually with a bleach solution.

Preparation of disinfection solution

To prepare a solution of 400 g of bleach, 12 liters of water are poured and insisted for 2-4 hours, after which the liquid is drained and sprayed with it on objects to be disinfected, and the sediment is used to coat greenhouse frames, racks and containers. Around greenhouses and greenhouses, the site must be kept clean, preventing the accumulation of debris and weeds on it.

It is unacceptable to keep flowering plants in greenhouses where cucumbers and tomatoes are grown, which can be a source of the spread of diseases and pests.

Before planting in greenhouses, seedlings with signs of disease should be discarded.

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